Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted increasing interest as potential carriers for pesticide delivery because their composition, porosity, surface chemistry, and degradation behavior can be chemically tuned. However, their performance in agricultural environments depends on more than cargo loading alone. Factors such as framework stability, surface interactions, environmental exposure, and local biological conditions may all influence how and when an active ingredient is released.

Nitrogen is the atmosphere’s most abundant chemical, making up around 78% of air. The current method of utilizing atmospheric N₂ relies on the Haber-Bosch Process, which converts N₂ to ammonia using high pressure and heat with an iron catalyst. This process is energy intensive and is responsible for ~2% of global energy consumption. NH₃ electrosynthesis is a promising alternative due to its low energy consumption and near ambient conditions.