Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) has been a powerful method of imaging surfaces with very high spatial resolution. Another important use of STM is the study of molecular reaction pathways brought about by inelastic electron tunneling. In this process, tunneling electrons containing energy above a threshold bring about an excitation in the molecular system which leads to reaction pathways as the excited molecule consequently relaxes along its potential energy surface.

CO dehydrogenase (CODH) and Acetyl CoA synthase (ACS) belong to the ancient Wood-Ljungdhal pathway, widely speculated to have been the first metabolic pathway to develop in the earliest lifeforms. Early life forms were strictly anaerobic and this metabolic pathway allowed those organisms to grow solely on CO and CO₂. CODH first catalyzes the reversible reduction of CO₂ to CO.

The design of improved nanoporous materials, such as MOFs for water harvesting and carbon capture and zeolites for hydrocarbon synthesis and conversion, requires the reliable prediction of rate and equilibrium constants, i.e. free energies, for adsorption/desorption and elementary reaction steps with no other input than the atomic positions. To be relevant, predictions have to be made with an accuracy that is comparable to experiment. 

The Schnitzler research group focuses on the fate and impact of carbonaceous aerosols, nanoparticles suspended in air, generated from biomass burning and plastic pollution. These particles impact climate directly by interacting with solar and terrestrial radiation and indirectly by altering cloud formation and properties. Due to their small dimensions, these particles can stay suspended in the atmosphere for a week or two, during which time their interactions with light and water can change.

Amino acids and carbohydrates are involved in many biological process which are critical in determining their accurate characterization. These monosaccharide percussors are fundamental building blocks to their functionality such as cell-cell recognition, cellular adhesion, protein folding and solubility, metabolism, and immune/host pathogen response. All amino acids, except glycine, exist in two stereochemical forms, with the L-form being most common in nature. These precursors can have multiple structures that can make their characterization complex.

The physical properties of solids are inherently coupled to their structure and dimensionality. As such, the discovery of nascent physical phenomena and the realization of complex miniaturized devices in the solid state have incessantly relied upon the creation of stable low-dimensional crystals that approach the atomic limit.

Transdermal drug delivery offers an alternative to traditional oral and intravenous methods, addressing challenges like poor bioavailability and patient discomfort. However, this approach is limited to molecules with specific physicochemical properties (such as low molecular weight, high potency, and moderate lipophilicity) due to the skin’s stratum corneum barrier. Among various enhancement techniques, microneedle (MN) technology has emerged as a promising solution for delivering therapeutic agents of any size through the transdermal route.

With a growing population comes an increase in demand for food. However, these food sources are limited by the supply and sustainability of natural resources currently available on the planet. This study introduces edible, sustainable, environmentally friendly, and consumer appealing alternative seafood production platforms. The value of 3D scaffolding over traditional 2D cell culture is explored as well as the structural optimization and scalability of 3D scaffold cultures.